Суффиксы
(Suffixes)
Существительные
-er – reader, traveller
-or – actor, visitor, collector,
translator
-ist – artist, typist, pianist
-ment – development, agreement, development,
government, amendment, judgment,
-tion – devotion, protection, extinction, information, attraction,
education, distraction, protection, pollution, competition, decoration,
exploration, collection, translation, population, cooperation, production,
declaration
-sion – decision
-y – discovery
-ence – existence, independence/dependence
-ance – appearance, disappearance,
-ing – building, painting, melting
-ledge – knowledge
-ative – representative
-al – survival
-(t)ure – creature, mixture
-ness – freshness, whiteness,
politeness, happiness, illness, business, calmness, carefulness/carelessness,
helpfulness/helplessness, uselessness/usefulness, weakness, darkness, ugliness,
-ity – nationality, quality,
humanity, fragility, popularity, possibility
-ty – safety
-age – shortage, advantage, disadvantage
-th – warmth, length, strength, width, depth
Наречия
-ly – daily, clearly, badly, fluently, exactly, kindly,
wickedly, politely, seriously, definitely, regularly, quietly,
easily, personally
Исключения: hard – прилагательное, hard – наречие
(«тяжело, упорно, усиленно»)
hardly – меняется значение слова («едва
ли»)
fast – и прилагательное, и наречие
имеют одну форму
Прилагательные
-ful – useful, helpful, careful, colourful, harmful, wonderful, beautiful, forgetful,
peaceful
-less – useless, helpless, careless, colourless, harmless, endless, waterless,
airless, homeless
-al – industrial, cultural, agricultural, traditional, national, personal, social, practical
-ous – prosperous, dangerous, poisonous, disastrous, famous, mysterious
-y – mighty, foggy, misty, sunny, rainy, snowy, windy,
-able – washable, respectable, movable, imaginable, changeable,
forgettable/unforgettable, countable/uncountable, likeable,
-ing/-ed (V3) – touching/touched, endangered, striking, pleased,
interesting/interested, exciting(-ed), boring/bored, unknown
-esque – picturesque
-ive – attractive, positive, negative, creative
Глаголы
-ize – specialize, realize (Am. E.) / realise (Br. E.)
Приставки (Prefixes)
Отрицательные
un- undefeated, unusual, unimportant, unhappy, unreal,
unkind, uncomfortable, unknown, uninteresting(ed), unkind, unfriendly, unfortunately, uneasy, unimportant,
unfinished, uncountable, uncomfortable
in- invisible, inexpensive, informal
im- (+ p, m) – impossible, impolite
ir- (+r) - irregular
dis – disadvantage, dislike, disinformation,
disappear/disappearance, disappointed, disagree/disagreement
Образование глаголов
en- endanger
одно слово – разные части речи
N -> V
dump – to dump
ruin – to ruin
damage – to damage
heat – to heat
poison – to poison
|
use – to use
help – to help
play – to play
test – to test
tower – to tower
|
forecast – to forecast
influence – to influence
support – to support
But: advice – to advise
|
Adj -> V
warm – to warm
dry – to dry
|
calm – to calm
pale – to pale
|
clear – to clear
|
